DGL Licorice: The Complete Supplement Guide

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Overview

The Basics

DGL Licorice, short for deglycyrrhizinated licorice, is a specially processed extract of licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) designed to deliver the digestive benefits of licorice while removing the compound most associated with its side effects. The name is a mouthful, but the concept is straightforward: take the good parts of licorice, leave behind the problematic one.

Licorice root has been used medicinally for thousands of years across Egyptian, Greek, Chinese, and Ayurvedic traditions, primarily for respiratory and digestive complaints. The root contains dozens of bioactive compounds, but one in particular, glycyrrhizin, is responsible for most of licorice's well-documented side effects, including elevated blood pressure and potassium depletion. DGL is produced by extracting the licorice root and then removing most or all of the glycyrrhizin, leaving behind the flavonoids and other compounds that appear to support the digestive tract [1][2].

The primary interest in DGL centers on its potential to soothe the lining of the stomach and esophagus, stimulate protective mucus production, and provide relief from conditions like functional dyspepsia, gastroesophageal reflux, and gastritis. It has also been studied as an adjunct for peptic ulcer management, though this use has a mixed evidence base that predates modern ulcer treatments [3][4].

DGL is most commonly available as chewable tablets, and this form matters: evidence suggests that DGL needs to mix with saliva to be fully effective, which is why chewable tablets have shown better results than capsules in some studies [3].

The Science

Deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL) is derived from the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (family Leguminosae), a perennial herb native to southern Europe and western Asia. The deglycyrrhizination process removes glycyrrhizin (glycyrrhizic acid), a triterpenoid saponin present at 2-15% of dry root weight, along with its aglycone 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid [1][5].

The resulting extract retains the flavonoid fraction of licorice root, including glabridin (0.08-0.35% of root dry weight), liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin, liquirtin, and various prenylated flavonoids. These compounds are considered the primary bioactive constituents responsible for DGL's gastrointestinal effects [1][5]. One commercially standardized DGL product (GutGard) is characterized by glabridin content of 3.5% or greater, total flavonoids of 10% or greater, and glycyrrhizin content of 0.5% or less [4].

The rationale for deglycyrrhizination is well-established pharmacologically. Glycyrrhizin inhibits 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2), a renal enzyme responsible for converting active cortisol to inactive cortisone. This inhibition causes apparent mineralocorticoid excess, manifesting as sodium retention, potassium excretion, hypertension, and hypokalemia [2][6]. Removing glycyrrhizin eliminates this mechanism while preserving the anti-inflammatory, mucoprotective, and antimicrobial flavonoids [3].

Chemical & Nutritional Identity

Common DGL supplement forms:

• DGL chewable tablets (380-400 mg): Traditional form, most studied for peptic ulcer and GI mucosal support. Chewing is considered essential for efficacy.
• GutGard capsules (75 mg): Flavonoid-rich standardized extract with controlled glycyrrhizin content (<=0.5%). Used in clinical trials for functional dyspepsia.
• DGL powder: Can be mixed with water; allows saliva contact similar to chewable form.
• DGL lozenges: Primarily used for oral mucosal applications (canker sores, sore throat).

Mechanism of Action

The Basics

DGL works primarily by helping your digestive tract protect itself. Think of the lining of your stomach and esophagus as a barrier that needs constant maintenance. Stomach acid is necessary for digestion, but if the protective mucus layer that shields the lining becomes thin or damaged, that acid can irritate the tissue underneath, leading to pain, burning, and inflammation.

DGL appears to support this protective barrier in two main ways. First, its flavonoid compounds stimulate cells in the stomach lining to produce more mucus, effectively thickening the shield between your tissue and stomach acid. Second, the flavonoids have anti-inflammatory properties that may help calm irritation that has already occurred [3][7].

There is also evidence that certain compounds in DGL can interfere with H. pylori, the bacterium most commonly responsible for stomach ulcers. Licorice polysaccharides and flavonoids have been shown to inhibit H. pylori from adhering to the stomach lining in laboratory studies, though this has not been definitively confirmed in humans taking DGL specifically [8][9].

One practical detail worth noting: for the mucosal protection to work, DGL appears to need direct contact with the digestive lining. This is why chewable tablets, which dissolve in saliva and coat the esophagus and stomach on the way down, have historically performed better than capsules that release their contents further along the digestive tract [3].

The Science

The gastrointestinal effects of DGL are mediated by its retained flavonoid fraction, primarily through the following mechanisms:

Mucoprotection and prostaglandin modulation: DGL flavonoids stimulate gastric epithelial cell proliferation and enhance the production of gastric mucus, providing cytoprotective coverage of the mucosal surface. Van Marle et al. (1981) demonstrated that DGL enhanced the renewal rate of rat stomach epithelium, suggesting a direct trophic effect on mucosal cells [10]. This mechanism is distinct from acid suppression and instead focuses on strengthening the defensive barrier.

Dual COX/LOX inhibition: GutGard, a standardized DGL extract, has demonstrated dual inhibitory activity against both cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) pathways, reducing the production of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids including prostaglandins and leukotrienes. This dual inhibition provides anti-inflammatory activity without the ulcerogenic risk associated with conventional NSAIDs [7].

Anti-adhesive and antimicrobial properties: Aqueous extracts and polysaccharides from licorice root inhibit the adhesion of Helicobacter pylori to human gastric mucosa in vitro [8]. Flavonoid components, including glabridin and glabrene, have demonstrated anti-H. pylori activity against both susceptible and antibiotic-resistant strains [9]. The clinical significance of these effects for DGL specifically requires further investigation.

Antioxidant activity: GutGard exhibits high hydrophilic and lipophilic oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), providing cytoprotective effects through reduction of oxidative stress in gastric tissue [4].

Absorption & Bioavailability

The Basics

How well your body absorbs DGL depends significantly on how you take it. The key active flavonoid in DGL, glabridin, has relatively low natural bioavailability, with your body absorbing only about 7-8% of what you consume. However, this absorption appears to be somewhat better when glabridin is consumed as part of the whole licorice extract rather than as an isolated compound [1].

The more practically relevant absorption question for DGL is not about blood levels of individual flavonoids, but about direct contact with the digestive lining. DGL's primary mechanism involves coating and protecting the mucosal surface of the stomach and esophagus. This is why the form you take matters so much: chewable tablets that dissolve in your mouth and travel down the esophagus while coating the tissue have historically shown better results than capsules that bypass the upper digestive tract [3].

Timing also matters. Taking DGL 20 minutes before meals appears to give the protective mucus layer time to form before food and stomach acid arrive. Taking DGL after meals has been associated with poorer outcomes in some reports [3].

The Science

Glabridin, the principal bioactive flavonoid in DGL, has an oral bioavailability of approximately 7.5% in animal models, with absorption constrained by active efflux via P-glycoprotein (P-gp) transporters in the intestinal epithelium [1]. Bioavailability is relatively higher when glabridin is consumed as a component of licorice root oil versus in isolation, suggesting matrix effects that enhance absorption [1].

Following oral administration, glabridin appears in serum in unconjugated form and does not undergo extensive phase II metabolism (glucuronidation) in vivo, though hepatic microsomes can produce glucuronide derivatives in vitro [1].

For the glycyrrhizin that may remain in DGL products (typically <0.5%), absorption is dependent on hydrolysis by intestinal bacteria to glycyrrhetinic acid before absorption. The diammonium salt form of glycyrrhizin demonstrates near-complete bioavailability (approximately 99%), though the residual amounts in properly manufactured DGL should be pharmacologically insignificant [1].

Understanding how your body absorbs a supplement is only useful if you can act on it. Doserly lets you log exactly when you take each form, whether it's a capsule with a meal, a sublingual tablet on an empty stomach, or a liquid taken with a cofactor, so you can see how timing and form choices affect your results over time.

The app also tracks cofactor pairings that influence absorption. If a supplement works better alongside vitamin C, fat, or black pepper extract, Doserly reminds you to take them together and logs both. Over weeks, your personal data reveals whether those pairing strategies are translating into measurable differences in the biomarkers you're tracking.

Research & Clinical Evidence

The Basics

The clinical evidence for DGL centers primarily on functional dyspepsia (chronic indigestion without an identifiable structural cause) and, to a lesser extent, peptic ulcer disease and oral mucosal conditions.

The strongest modern evidence comes from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of GutGard, a standardized DGL extract. In this study, 50 patients with functional dyspepsia took either 75 mg of GutGard or placebo twice daily for 30 days. The GutGard group showed significantly greater improvement in symptoms including upper abdominal fullness, abdominal pain, heartburn, nausea, and regurgitation. By day 30, 56% of the GutGard group showed marked improvement compared to 0% in the placebo group [4].

A more recent Phase III trial (2025) examined GutGard for gastroesophageal reflux-related symptoms, suggesting the evidence base is still growing [11].

Older clinical trials from the 1970s and 1980s studied DGL chewable tablets for peptic ulcers, with mixed results. Some trials showed ulcer healing comparable to conventional treatments, while others found no significant difference versus placebo. These studies predated the discovery of H. pylori's role in ulcer disease, which has since transformed ulcer treatment [12][13][14].

For oral mucosal conditions, DGL-based mouthwashes and lozenges have shown promise for reducing canker sore (aphthous ulcer) pain and size, and licorice gargling solutions have been shown to reduce postoperative sore throat after intubation in multiple systematic reviews [15][16].

The Science

Functional Dyspepsia: The GutGard trial (Raveendra et al., 2012) remains the definitive RCT for DGL in functional dyspepsia. In this study (n=50, Rome-III criteria), GutGard (75 mg b.i.d.) produced statistically significant reductions in total symptom scores versus placebo at both day 15 (p<=0.05) and day 30 (p<=0.05). Effect sizes exceeded 0.8 (considered large) for 9 of 10 individual symptoms, with the exception of early satiety. The Nepean Dyspepsia Index, measuring quality of life, showed parallel significant improvement. No adverse effects were reported [4].

Gastroesophageal Reflux: A Phase III, single-centre, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial (Raj et al., 2025) evaluated GutGard for gastroesophageal reflux-related symptoms, further extending the evidence for this DGL formulation beyond functional dyspepsia [11].

Peptic Ulcer Disease: Historical evidence is mixed. Tewari and Trembalowicz (1968) reported spasmolytic and healing effects in gastric and duodenal ulcers [14]. Turpie et al. (1969) found positive results in a small controlled trial [13]. However, Bardhan et al. (1978) conducted a larger RCT (n=96) that found no significant difference between DGL and placebo in gastric ulcer healing rates at four weeks [12]. A retrospective endoscopic survey by Larkworthy and Holgate (1975) reported antiulcer activity in 32 duodenal ulcer patients, with 56% recovery after 12 weeks and 78% after 16 weeks of DGL treatment [17].

H. pylori: In vitro studies demonstrate anti-H. pylori activity for licorice flavonoids, including against antibiotic-resistant strains [9]. A clinical study in 120 dyspepsia patients found that licorice (380 mg b.i.d.) combined with standard eradication therapy improved outcomes. Licorice polysaccharides also inhibited H. pylori adhesion to gastric mucosa in vitro [8]. However, these studies used whole licorice or non-DGL-specific extracts, and the clinical applicability to DGL specifically is uncertain.

Oral Mucosal Applications: Systematic reviews have confirmed benefits of topical licorice in preventing postoperative sore throat after intubation [15][16]. Licorice-based mouth rinses have shown efficacy for recurrent aphthous ulcers [18].

Evidence & Effectiveness Matrix

Categories scored: 8
Categories with community data: 8
Categories not scored (insufficient data): Fat Loss, Muscle Growth, Weight Management, Appetite & Satiety, Food Noise, Energy Levels, Sleep Quality, Focus & Mental Clarity, Memory & Cognition, Mood & Wellbeing, Anxiety, Stress Tolerance, Motivation & Drive, Emotional Aliveness, Emotional Regulation, Libido, Sexual Function, Joint Health, Recovery & Healing, Physical Performance, Skin Health, Hair Health, Heart Health, Blood Pressure, Heart Rate & Palpitations, Hormonal Symptoms, Temperature Regulation, Fluid Retention, Body Image, Bone Health, Longevity & Neuroprotection, Cravings & Impulse Control, Social Connection, Withdrawal Symptoms, Daily Functioning

Benefits & Potential Effects

The Basics

DGL's benefits are concentrated around digestive health, which is both its strength and its limitation. It is not a broad-spectrum supplement; it does a few things with reasonable evidence behind them.

The most well-supported benefit is relief from functional dyspepsia, the medical term for chronic indigestion without a clear structural cause. Clinical research has shown that a standardized DGL extract can significantly reduce symptoms like upper abdominal fullness, pain, heartburn, nausea, and bloating within two to four weeks [4].

Many people use DGL for acid reflux (GERD) symptoms, and community reports are strongly positive for this use. The logic is straightforward: by stimulating mucus production in the esophagus and stomach, DGL creates a physical barrier between tissue and acid, reducing the burning and irritation that characterize reflux [3][4].

DGL has also been used for gastritis and as a complementary approach alongside conventional ulcer treatments. While the evidence for DGL as a standalone ulcer remedy is mixed, its mucoprotective properties may support the healing process when used alongside standard medical care [3][12].

Beyond the digestive tract, DGL-based mouth rinses and lozenges have shown promise for canker sores and postoperative sore throat, though these are topical applications rather than systemic supplement uses [15][18].

The Science

The primary demonstrated benefits of DGL are gastrointestinal, mediated through the mucoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial mechanisms described in Section 5.

Functional dyspepsia symptom reduction: The GutGard RCT demonstrated significant reductions across 9 of 10 dyspepsia symptoms, with effect sizes exceeding clinical significance thresholds. Quality of life (Nepean Dyspepsia Index) improved in parallel [4].

Gastroesophageal reflux symptom management: While controlled trial data specific to GERD is emerging (Raj et al., 2025), the mechanism of enhanced mucosal protection is consistent with symptom relief in reflux conditions. Heartburn reduction showed an effect size of 2.187 in the GutGard functional dyspepsia trial [4][11].

Mucosal cytoprotection: DGL enhances gastric epithelial cell renewal and mucus production, providing a direct physical and biochemical barrier against luminal acid and pepsin [3][10].

Anti-H. pylori adjunct potential: Flavonoid and polysaccharide components demonstrate anti-adhesive and bacteriostatic activity against H. pylori in vitro, including antibiotic-resistant strains [8][9]. Clinical relevance in the context of DGL-specific products requires further study.

Side Effects & Safety

The Basics

The safety profile of DGL is one of its most attractive features, and understanding why requires appreciating the difference between DGL and regular licorice.

Regular licorice containing glycyrrhizin can cause serious side effects with excessive or prolonged use, including high blood pressure, dangerously low potassium levels, irregular heartbeat, and muscle weakness. These effects occur because glycyrrhizin interferes with how your kidneys handle sodium and potassium, essentially tricking your body into retaining too much sodium and excreting too much potassium [2][6].

DGL is specifically designed to avoid these problems. By removing glycyrrhizin, the primary safety concern of licorice is eliminated. In the main clinical trial of GutGard (a DGL extract), no treatment-related adverse effects were reported over 30 days of use, and blood parameters remained within normal limits [4].

That said, a few practical cautions apply. First, not all "DGL" products are created equal. Testing by independent laboratories has found that some products labeled as deglycyrrhizinated still contain meaningful amounts of glycyrrhizic acid [19]. Choosing products from manufacturers that provide certificates of analysis confirming low glycyrrhizin content is worth the effort. Second, NCCIH notes that DGL products without glycyrrhizin "might be safe for up to 4 months," suggesting a prudent approach to open-ended long-term use [2]. Third, people taking medications should be aware of potential interactions (see Interactions section).

The Science

DGL-specific safety: The GutGard RCT reported no adverse effects over 30 days at 150 mg/day. Hemoglobin, blood glucose, serum creatinine, and hepatic transaminases remained within normal reference ranges in the treatment group [4]. NCCIH states oral licorice products without glycyrrhizin may be safe for up to 4 months [2].

Glycyrrhizin-related risks (relevant if DGL quality is poor): Glycyrrhizin inhibits 11beta-HSD2, producing apparent mineralocorticoid excess characterized by hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, sodium retention, and edema. Case reports include cardiac arrest, lethal arrhythmia, intracranial hemorrhagic stroke, pseudohyperaldosteronism, respiratory failure, and ventricular fibrillation from glycyrrhizin-containing licorice products [2][6][20]. The WHO toxicity threshold for glycyrrhizic acid is 100 mg/day [5]. A systematic review and meta-analysis confirmed the association between consistent licorice ingestion and hypertension/hypokalemia [21].

Hormonal considerations: Glycyrrhizin-containing licorice can reduce serum testosterone (via inhibition of 17-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) and has estrogenic activity via isoflavone content and selective ER-beta activation by liquiritigenin [1][6]. Whether DGL retains sufficient isoflavone content to produce clinically relevant estrogenic effects is unclear but theoretically possible. Individuals with hormone-sensitive conditions should exercise caution.

Pregnancy: Excessive consumption of glycyrrhizin-containing licorice during pregnancy increases preterm delivery risk [2]. While DGL should have minimal glycyrrhizin, pregnant individuals should consult their healthcare provider before use.

Knowing the possible side effects is the first step. Catching them early in your own experience is what keeps a supplement routine safe. Doserly lets you log any symptoms as they arise, tagging them with severity, timing relative to your dose, and whether they resolve on their own or persist.

The app's interaction checker cross-references everything in your stack, supplements and medications alike, flagging known interactions before they become a problem. It also monitors your total intake against established upper limits, alerting you if your combined sources of a nutrient are approaching thresholds where risk increases. Think of it as a safety net that works quietly in the background while you focus on the benefits.

Dosing & Usage Protocols

The Basics

DGL dosing depends on which form you choose, and the form matters more for this supplement than most.

For traditional DGL chewable tablets (380-400 mg per tablet), the commonly cited protocol in the research literature is two to four tablets, taken between meals or approximately 20 minutes before eating. The tablets should be chewed thoroughly rather than swallowed whole, because DGL appears to work partly by mixing with saliva and coating the upper digestive tract as it is swallowed. Taking DGL after meals has been associated with poorer results [3].

For the standardized GutGard extract, the dose used in clinical research is 75 mg twice daily (150 mg total), taken after meals with water. This is a much lower total dose than traditional DGL tablets because GutGard is a concentrated, flavonoid-enriched extract [4].

These two dosing approaches reflect two different product philosophies: traditional DGL relies on a higher dose with direct mucosal contact, while GutGard uses a lower dose of a more concentrated extract. Both have clinical evidence supporting their use.

Duration of use varies by application. For functional dyspepsia, the primary clinical trial ran for 30 days with significant improvement seen by day 15. For peptic ulcer support, older studies suggest continuing DGL for 8 to 16 weeks. NCCIH considers DGL products safe for up to 4 months [2][3][4].

The Science

Traditional DGL chewable tablets:

• Standard dose: Two to four 380 mg tablets, two to three times daily
• Timing: Between meals or 20 minutes before meals
• Duration: 8-16 weeks for ulcer-related applications [3][17]
• Administration: Must be chewed; capsule forms have not demonstrated equivalent efficacy for ulcer healing [3]

GutGard standardized extract:

• Clinically studied dose: 75 mg twice daily (150 mg/day total)
• Timing: After food, with water
• Duration: 30-day trial with efficacy endpoints at day 15 and day 30 [4]
• Specification: Glabridin >=3.5%, total flavonoids >=10%, glycyrrhizin <=0.5%

DGL for oral mucosal applications:

• Mouthwash or dissolving lozenge form
• Applied directly to affected area
• Duration: Several days to 2 weeks for canker sores [18]

No formal upper intake limit has been established for DGL specifically. The WHO glycyrrhizic acid toxicity threshold of 100 mg/day applies to glycyrrhizin content, which should be minimal in properly manufactured DGL products [5].

Getting the dose right matters more than most people realize. Too little may be ineffective, too much wastes money or introduces risk, and inconsistency undermines both. Doserly tracks every dose you take, across every form, giving you a clear record of what you're actually consuming versus what you planned.

The app helps you compare RDA recommendations against therapeutic ranges discussed in the research, so you can see exactly where your intake falls. If you switch forms, say from a standard capsule to a liposomal liquid, Doserly adjusts your tracking to account for different bioavailabilities. Pair that with smart reminders that keep your timing consistent, and the precision that makes a real difference in outcomes becomes effortless.

What to Expect (Timeline)

Weeks 1-2: Many users report noticeable improvement in digestive comfort within the first few days, particularly reduction in heartburn and stomach burning. The GutGard clinical trial showed statistically significant improvement in symptom scores by day 15. Initial effects are likely due to the direct mucosal coating action of DGL. Some individuals report near-immediate soothing after taking a chewable tablet, though sustained benefit requires consistent use.

Weeks 3-4: Continued improvement in dyspepsia symptoms. By day 30 in the GutGard trial, 60% of treated patients were either symptom-free or markedly improved. Quality of life measures also showed significant improvement at this point. Acid reflux frequency and severity typically decrease further with consistent use.

Weeks 5-8: For those using DGL for gastritis or as part of ulcer management, this is the period where mucosal healing may become more established. Community reports suggest that users who initially needed DGL before every meal may begin to need it less frequently as the underlying irritation resolves.

Weeks 8-16: Older clinical studies for peptic ulcer used treatment periods of 8-16 weeks. Larkworthy and Holgate reported that 56% of duodenal ulcer patients recovered after 12 weeks and 78% after 16 weeks of DGL treatment [17]. After this period, many users report being able to reduce DGL use to an as-needed basis rather than a daily regimen.

Long-term considerations: NCCIH considers DGL safe for up to 4 months. Some community members report using DGL for 6 months or longer without issues, but formal long-term safety data beyond 4 months is limited. Periodic breaks and reassessment with a healthcare provider are prudent for ongoing use.

Interactions & Compatibility

Synergistic

• Slippery Elm: Both support mucosal lining integrity through demulcent action. Commonly stacked by individuals with gastritis or GERD for complementary mucosal protection.
• L-Glutamine: Supports intestinal epithelial cell repair and barrier function. Often combined with DGL in comprehensive GI healing protocols.
• Zinc (as zinc carnosine): Zinc carnosine has demonstrated gastric mucosal healing properties. Combined with DGL for enhanced mucosal support.
• Marshmallow Root: Another demulcent herb that soothes mucous membranes. Can be used alongside DGL for comprehensive mucosal coverage.
• Aloe Vera: Some DGL products are formulated with aloe vera for combined digestive soothing effects.
• Probiotics: A clinical study found that licorice combined with Lactobacillus paracasei fermented milk reduced H. pylori bacterial density and improved histologic inflammation.

Caution / Avoid

• Antihypertensive medications: While DGL has glycyrrhizin removed, products with residual glycyrrhizin could theoretically interfere with blood pressure medications. Risk is low with properly manufactured DGL but relevant for individuals on tight blood pressure control [6].
• Diuretics: Glycyrrhizin (if present in residual amounts) may increase risk of hypokalemia when combined with potassium-wasting diuretics [6].
• Cardiac glycosides (digoxin): Glycyrrhizin may potentiate cardiac glycoside toxicity through hypokalemia. Low risk with properly manufactured DGL [6].
• Corticosteroids: Licorice compounds can increase cortisol availability by inhibiting its conversion to cortisone. Relevant primarily for glycyrrhizin-containing products, but caution is warranted [6][22].
• Warfarin and anticoagulants: Licorice may increase warfarin clearance. Clinical relevance for DGL is uncertain [6].
• CYP450 substrates: Glycyrrhizin induces CYP3A and CYP2D6, while other licorice constituents (glabridin, licochalcone A) can inhibit these enzymes. The net effect of DGL on drug metabolism is unpredictable [1][6].
• Cyclosporine: Licorice reduced oral bioavailability of cyclosporine in animal studies [6].
• MAO inhibitors: Licorice may potentiate MAO inhibitor activity. Clinical relevance unknown [6].

How to Take / Administration Guide

Recommended forms for digestive applications:

The chewable tablet form is most strongly supported by both clinical evidence and community experience. DGL appears to require direct contact with the mucosal lining of the esophagus and stomach to exert its protective effects. Chewing the tablet thoroughly ensures it mixes with saliva and coats the upper digestive tract as it is swallowed. Capsules that release their contents further along the GI tract may not provide the same mucosal contact [3].

Timing:

Taking DGL 20 minutes before meals is the most commonly recommended timing. This allows the mucus-stimulating effects to establish a protective layer before food and stomach acid arrive. Some users also take a dose before bedtime, particularly those dealing with nighttime reflux.

Practical tips from clinical and community experience:

• Chew tablets slowly and thoroughly rather than swallowing quickly
• Some users place chewable tablets between the gum and cheek and let them dissolve slowly
• Avoid taking DGL after meals, as this timing has been associated with reduced effectiveness [3]
• For GutGard capsules specifically, the clinical protocol is after meals with water (different from traditional DGL tablets)
• If using DGL powder, mix with a small amount of water and swish before swallowing

Stacking:

DGL is commonly combined with slippery elm, L-glutamine, aloe vera, and zinc carnosine in comprehensive digestive support protocols. These can generally be taken at the same time. Space DGL away from medications by at least 2 hours as a general precaution.

Cycling:

No established cycling protocol exists for DGL. NCCIH considers it safe for up to 4 months of continuous use. Many users find they can transition to as-needed use after an initial period of consistent daily supplementation as symptoms improve.

Choosing a Quality Product

Third-party certifications: Look for products verified by USP, NSF, or similar third-party testing organizations. GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) certification is a baseline expectation.

Glycyrrhizin content verification: This is the most critical quality marker for DGL products. Independent testing has revealed that some products labeled as "deglycyrrhizinated" still contain significant amounts of glycyrrhizic acid [19]. Look for products that:

• Specify glycyrrhizin content on the label (ideally <0.5% or <3% of total extract)
• Provide a Certificate of Analysis (COA) upon request
• Use standardized extraction processes

Active form indicators:

• For traditional DGL tablets: 380-400 mg per tablet, chewable format
• For GutGard-type products: Standardized for glabridin (>=3.5%) and total flavonoids (>=10%)
• Avoid products with excessively high glycyrrhizin content that are marketed as "DGL"

Red flags:

• Products that do not specify glycyrrhizin content or percentage
• DGL capsules marketed for ulcer healing (capsule form has not been shown effective for this application)
• Products making disease treatment claims (not permitted for dietary supplements)
• Proprietary blends that hide the actual DGL dose
• Products combining DGL with stimulants or ingredients unrelated to digestive health

Common excipients: DGL chewable tablets often contain sweeteners (glycine, fructose, sorbitol) and flavoring agents to improve taste. These are generally well-tolerated. Check for common allergens (gluten, soy, dairy) if relevant to your dietary restrictions.

Storage & Handling

DGL supplements should be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight, excessive heat, and moisture. No refrigeration is required for any standard DGL form (tablets, capsules, or powder).

Chewable tablets are hygroscopic (absorb moisture) and should be kept in their original sealed container with the lid tightly closed after each use. Exposure to humidity can cause tablets to soften or crumble, reducing their effectiveness and palatability.

Check the expiration date on your product and dispose of expired supplements. DGL does not require any special handling beyond standard supplement storage practices. Shelf life is typically 2-3 years from manufacture when stored properly.

Lifestyle & Supporting Factors

Dietary considerations: DGL works best as part of a broader approach to digestive health. Reducing or eliminating common reflux and gastritis triggers (spicy foods, acidic foods, caffeine, alcohol, chocolate) can significantly enhance the benefits of DGL supplementation. Several community reports note that DGL provides excellent symptom relief but does not fully compensate for a highly irritating diet.

Meal patterns: Eating smaller, more frequent meals rather than large meals can reduce the demand on the stomach's protective mechanisms. Avoid eating within 2-3 hours of lying down, particularly for those with GERD.

Stress management: Stress is a recognized contributor to functional dyspepsia and gastritis. Stress-reduction practices (meditation, deep breathing, regular exercise) complement DGL's mucosal protection by addressing one of the underlying drivers of digestive irritation.

Body weight: Excess body weight, particularly abdominal fat, increases intra-abdominal pressure and contributes to gastroesophageal reflux. Weight management can reduce the burden on the lower esophageal sphincter and enhance DGL's protective effects.

Sleep position: For individuals with GERD, elevating the head of the bed by 6-8 inches can reduce nighttime reflux. This positional strategy works synergistically with DGL's mucosal protection.

Monitoring: Tracking symptoms alongside supplement use helps identify patterns and optimize timing. Noting meals, stress levels, and DGL doses can reveal which combinations provide the most consistent relief.

Signs that may indicate a need for professional evaluation: Persistent symptoms despite consistent DGL use, unintended weight loss, difficulty swallowing, blood in stool, or symptoms that worsen over time warrant medical evaluation. DGL is a supportive supplement, not a substitute for diagnosis and treatment of underlying conditions.

Regulatory Status & Standards

United States (FDA): DGL is regulated as a dietary supplement under DSHEA. Licorice root has GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) status as a food flavoring agent. No specific FDA guidance exists for DGL supplements. Maximum glycyrrhizin content in food products is regulated (ranging from 0.05% in baked goods to 16% in hard candy) [1].

Canada (Health Canada): Licorice is recognized in the Natural Health Products monograph system. DGL products require a Natural Product Number (NPN). Health Canada monographs cover licorice root for traditional uses including digestive support.

European Union (EFSA): EFSA has evaluated glycyrrhizic acid and established that intake below 100 mg/day is unlikely to cause adverse effects in most adults. Novel Food classification does not apply to traditional licorice extracts. Some EU countries have specific labeling requirements for glycyrrhizin content in food products.

Australia (TGA): Licorice is included in the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods as a complementary medicine ingredient.

Athlete & Sports Regulatory Status:

• WADA: Licorice and DGL are not on the WADA Prohibited List. However, athletes should be aware that some licorice products contain glycyrrhizin, which can affect cortisol metabolism and could potentially complicate anti-doping biological passport readings, though it is not a banned substance.
• National Anti-Doping Agencies: No specific alerts from USADA, UKAD, Sport Integrity Canada, or Sport Integrity Australia regarding DGL.
• NCAA: DGL is not on the NCAA banned substance list. However, NCAA recommends that athletes only use supplements certified by NSF Certified for Sport or Informed Sport.
• Athlete Certification Programs: Informed Sport (sport.wetestyoutrust.com), NSF Certified for Sport (nsfsport.com), Cologne List (koelnerliste.com), and BSCG (bscg.org) certifications are available for some supplement products. Athletes should verify whether their specific DGL product carries third-party sport certification.
• GlobalDRO: Athletes can check the status of licorice/DGL products at GlobalDRO.com across US, UK, Canada, Australia, Japan, Switzerland, and New Zealand.

Regulatory status and prohibited substance classifications change frequently. Athletes should always verify the current status of any supplement with their sport's governing body, their national anti-doping agency, and a qualified sports medicine professional before use. Third-party certification (Informed Sport, NSF Certified for Sport) reduces but does not eliminate the risk of contamination with prohibited substances.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between DGL and regular licorice?
DGL (deglycyrrhizinated licorice) is regular licorice root with the glycyrrhizin removed. Glycyrrhizin is the compound responsible for most of licorice's side effects, including elevated blood pressure and low potassium. By removing it, DGL retains the digestive-supportive flavonoids while reducing the risk profile. If you are taking licorice for digestive purposes, DGL is generally the preferred form.

Does DGL raise blood pressure?
Properly manufactured DGL should not raise blood pressure, as the glycyrrhizin that causes this effect has been removed. However, independent testing has found that some products labeled as DGL still contain meaningful amounts of glycyrrhizic acid. Choosing products that specify their glycyrrhizin content (ideally <0.5%) and are third-party tested is important, especially for individuals with blood pressure concerns.

Should I take DGL as a chewable tablet or capsule?
Based on available evidence and extensive community experience, chewable tablets are generally preferred for digestive applications. DGL appears to work partly through direct contact with the mucosal lining of the esophagus and stomach, and chewing ensures the supplement mixes with saliva and coats the upper digestive tract. Capsule forms have not demonstrated equivalent efficacy for ulcer-related applications in the available literature.

How long does DGL take to work?
Many users report some degree of symptom relief within the first few days. Clinical data shows statistically significant improvement by day 15 of consistent use, with continued improvement through day 30. For peptic ulcer support, longer courses of 8-16 weeks have been studied.

Can I take DGL instead of a PPI?
This is a medical decision that should be made with a healthcare provider. While some community members report successfully transitioning from PPIs to DGL, these are individual experiences and not a universal recommendation. PPIs and DGL work through entirely different mechanisms (acid suppression versus mucosal protection), and some conditions require acid suppression specifically. Never discontinue prescribed medication without consulting your doctor.

Is DGL safe during pregnancy?
Data is limited. While DGL should contain minimal glycyrrhizin, NCCIH notes that excessive glycyrrhizin-containing licorice during pregnancy increases preterm delivery risk. Pregnant individuals should consult their healthcare provider before using any licorice product, including DGL.

Can I take DGL long-term?
NCCIH considers DGL products safe for up to 4 months. Some individuals use DGL for longer periods, but formal safety data beyond 4 months is limited. Periodic breaks and reassessment with a healthcare provider are prudent for extended use.

What is GutGard?
GutGard is a branded, flavonoid-rich extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra that meets the definition of DGL (glycyrrhizin content <=0.5%). It is standardized for glabridin (>=3.5%) and total flavonoids (>=10%). GutGard was used in the primary clinical trial demonstrating efficacy for functional dyspepsia at 75 mg twice daily.

Does DGL help with H. pylori?
Laboratory studies show that licorice flavonoids can inhibit H. pylori adhesion and growth, and a clinical study found licorice enhanced standard H. pylori eradication therapy. However, DGL should not be considered a standalone treatment for H. pylori infection. Standard medical treatment (antibiotic-based eradication therapy) remains the first-line approach.

Can I take DGL with other supplements?
DGL is commonly combined with slippery elm, L-glutamine, aloe vera, and zinc carnosine for comprehensive digestive support. No significant adverse interactions have been reported with these combinations. However, space DGL away from medications by at least 2 hours as a general precaution, and inform your healthcare provider of all supplements you are taking.

Myth vs. Fact

Myth: DGL is just regular licorice in a different package.
Fact: DGL undergoes a specific processing step to remove glycyrrhizin, the compound responsible for licorice's most significant side effects (hypertension, hypokalemia). This is not simply repackaging. The resulting extract has a fundamentally different safety profile while retaining the flavonoid compounds associated with digestive benefits [1][2].

Myth: All DGL products are glycyrrhizin-free.
Fact: "Deglycyrrhizinated" does not mean zero glycyrrhizin. Most DGL products aim for very low glycyrrhizin content (typically <0.5-3%), but independent testing has found that some products still contain meaningful amounts. Consumers should look for products that specify glycyrrhizin content and are third-party tested [19].

Myth: DGL can cure stomach ulcers.
Fact: The evidence for DGL as a standalone ulcer treatment is mixed. Some older clinical trials showed positive results, but the largest controlled trial found no significant difference between DGL and placebo for gastric ulcer healing at four weeks. Modern ulcer treatment focuses on H. pylori eradication and acid suppression. DGL may be a supportive complement to, not a replacement for, evidence-based ulcer treatment [12][13].

Myth: DGL capsules work just as well as chewable tablets.
Fact: Evidence suggests this is not the case for gastrointestinal applications. DGL appears to require mixing with saliva and direct contact with the mucosal lining to exert its protective effects. Capsule forms that release their contents further down the GI tract have not demonstrated equivalent efficacy for ulcer-related applications [3].

Myth: You can take as much DGL as you want since glycyrrhizin is removed.
Fact: While DGL has a favorable safety profile, NCCIH recommends limiting use to up to 4 months. Long-term safety data beyond this period is limited. Additionally, DGL still contains biologically active flavonoids, some of which have estrogenic activity (liquiritigenin is a selective ER-beta agonist), and their long-term effects at supplemental doses are not fully characterized [1][2].

Myth: DGL works the same way as antacids and PPIs.
Fact: DGL works through an entirely different mechanism. Antacids neutralize stomach acid, PPIs block acid production, but DGL stimulates the production of protective mucus in the stomach and esophagus, strengthening the body's own defensive barrier. This means DGL does not reduce the stomach acid your body needs for digestion [3][4].

Myth: Licorice root supplements and DGL licorice supplements are interchangeable.
Fact: They are not interchangeable and carry very different risk profiles. Whole licorice root supplements contain glycyrrhizin, which can cause serious adverse effects including hypertension, cardiac arrhythmia, and hypokalemia with excessive or prolonged use. DGL has glycyrrhizin removed specifically to avoid these risks. Using whole licorice instead of DGL for digestive purposes introduces unnecessary risk [2][6].

Sources & References

Clinical Trials & RCTs

[4] Raveendra KR, Jayachandra, Srinivasa V, et al. An Extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra (GutGard) Alleviates Symptoms of Functional Dyspepsia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:216970. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3123991/

[11] Raj JP, Saxena U, Belhekar MN, et al. Efficacy and Safety of GutGard in Managing Gastroesophageal Reflux-Related Symptoms: A Phase III, Single-Centre, Double-Blind, Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Complement Med Res. 2025;32(1):26-36. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11892464/

[12] Bardhan KD, Cumberland DC, Dixon RA, Holdsworth CD. Clinical trial of deglycyrrhizinised liquorice in gastric ulcer. Gut. 1978;19(9):779-782. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/361512/

[13] Turpie AG, Runcie J, Thomson TJ. Clinical trial of deglydyrrhizinized liquorice in gastric ulcer. Gut. 1969;10(4):299-302. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1552833/

[17] Larkworthy W, Holgate PF. Deglycyrrhizinized liquorice in the treatment of chronic duodenal ulcer. The Practitioner. 1975;215(1290):787-792.

[22] Methlie P, Husebye EE, Hustad S, Lien EA, Lovas K. Grapefruit juice and licorice increase cortisol availability in patients with Addison's disease. Eur J Endocrinol. 2011;165(5):761-9.

Systematic Reviews & Meta-Analyses

[15] Kuriyama A, Maeda H. Topical application of licorice for prevention of postoperative sore throat in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Anesth. 2019;54:25-32.

[16] Wang G, Qi Y, Wu L, Jiang G. Comparative Efficacy of 6 Topical Pharmacological Agents for Preventive Interventions of Postoperative Sore Throat After Tracheal Intubation. Anesth Analg. 2021;133(1):58-67.

[21] Penninkilampi R, Eslick EM, Eslick GD. The association between consistent licorice ingestion, hypertension and hypokalaemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hum Hypertens. 2017;31(11):699-707.

Preclinical & Mechanistic Studies

[7] Chandrasekaran CV, Deepak HB, Thiyagarajan P, et al. Dual inhibitory effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra (GutGard) on COX and LOX products. Phytomedicine. 2011;18(4):278-84.

[8] Wittschier N, Faller G, Hensel A. Aqueous extracts and polysaccharides from Liquorice roots (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) inhibit adhesion of Helicobacter pylori to human gastric mucosa. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009;125(2):218-223.

[9] Fukai T, Marumo A, Kaitou K, Kanda T, Terada S, Nomura T. Anti-Helicobacter pylori flavonoids from licorice extract. Life Sci. 2002;71(12):1449-1463.

[10] van Marle J, Aarsen PN, Lind A, van Weeren-Kramer J. Deglycyrrhizinised liquorice (DGL) and the renewal of rat stomach epithelium. Eur J Pharmacol. 1981;72(2-3):219-225.

[14] Tewari SN, Trembalowicz FC. Some experience with deglycyrrhizinated liquorice in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers with special reference to its spasmolytic effect. Gut. 1968;9(1):48-51.

Government/Institutional Sources

[2] National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH). Licorice Root. Last Updated April 2025. https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/licorice-root

[6] Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Licorice. Last Updated September 25, 2024. https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/integrative-medicine/herbs/licorice

Reviews & Monographs

[1] Examine.com. Licorice Research Breakdown. Last Updated September 28, 2022. https://examine.com/supplements/licorice/research/ (Used as research aggregator to trace primary sources; not cited as primary evidence)

[3] Murray MT, Pizzorno JE. Glycyrrhiza glabra. In: Textbook of Natural Medicine. 2nd edition. London: Churchill Livingstone; 1999:767-773. (Cited via PMC7348626)

[5] Ceccuzzi G, Rapino A, Perna B, et al. Liquorice toxicity: a comprehensive narrative review. Nutrients. 2023;15(18):3866.

[18] Liu HL, Hsu PY, Chung YC, et al. Effective licorice gargle juice for aphthous ulcer pain relief: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2022;35(5):1321-1326.

[19] ConsumerLab.com. Licorice & DGL Supplements, Candies and Tea Review. Published January 8, 2026. (Referenced for quality testing findings; not cited as primary evidence)

[20] Kwon YJ, Son DH, Chung TH, Lee YJ. A Review of the Pharmacological Efficacy and Safety of Licorice Root from Corroborative Clinical Trial Findings. J Med Food. 2020;23(1):12-20.

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